Seguridad y eficacia del bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot versus abordaje laparoscópico convencional / Safety and efficacy of robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus conventional laparoscopic approach

Resumen Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica se considera actualmente la opción de tratamiento más eficaz para la obesidad mórbida. El bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux sigue siendo el estándar de oro en cirugía bariátrica. El advenimiento de la robótica quirúrgica ha llevado a una reducción de algunos de los desafíos más difíciles en la laparoscopia avanzada. Objetivo: Determinar la seguridad y eficacia del bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot en comparación con el abordaje laparoscópico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo que incluyo 50 pacientes con distintos grados de obesidad divididos en dos grupos de 25 cada uno. Se realizó una base de datos con las variables de acuerdo al tipo de abordaje quirúrgico (robótico y laparoscópico), registrando los días de estancia hospitalaria, sangrado, tiempo quirúrgico, complicaciones, reingresos hospitalarios, complicaciones y disminución del IMC. Resultados: En el grupo laparoscópico se observó un sangrado transoperatorio de 115.8+64 mililitros, en el grupo robótico solo fue de 59.6+45.8 mililitros (p<0.001). Un tiempo quirúrgico laparoscópico de 151.8+34.6 minutos, mientras que el grupo robótico fue de 216.4+50 minutos, los pacientes permanecieron hospitalizados 4.2+2.4 días en el grupo laparoscópico, los pacientes del grupo robótico 3.4+1 días, sin diferencia significativa (p=0.077). En ambos grupos no hubo reingresos hospitalarios. En el grupo laparoscópico la disminución de IMC fue de 8.9+2.5, mientras que para el grupo robótico fue de 13.7+2.3 con significancia estadística (p<0.001). Discusión: El bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot es más seguro y eficaz en comparación con el abordaje laparoscópico. El abordaje robótico disminuye de forma significativa el sangrado transoperatorio, disminuye los días de estancia hospitalaria (sin diferencia significativa) y reduce de forma significativa la disminución del IMC, sin aumentar los reingresos hospitalarios a 30 días ni las complicaciones.

Abstract Introduction: Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment option for morbid obesity. The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remains the gold standard in bariatric surgery. The advent of surgical robotics has led to a reduction in some of the most difficult challenges in advanced laparoscopy. Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass compared to the laparoscopic approach. Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out that included 50 patients with different degrees of obesity divided into two groups of 25 patients each. A database was created with the variables according to the type of surgical approach (robotic and laparoscopic), recording the days of hospital stay, bleeding, surgical time, complications, hospital readmissions, complications, and BMI decrease. Results: In the laparoscopic group, intraoperative bleeding of 115.8+64 milliliters was observed, in the robotic group it was only 59.6+45.8 milliliters (p<0.001). A laparoscopic surgical time of 151.8+34.6 minutes, while the robotic group was of 216.4+50 minutes, the patients remained hospitalized 4.2+2.4 days in the laparoscopic group, the patients in the robotic group 3.4+1 days, with no significant difference (p=0.077). In both groups there were no hospital readmissions. In the laparoscopic group, the decrease in BMI was 8.9+2.5, while for the robotic group it was 13.7+2.3 with statistical significance (p<0.001). Discussion: Robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more safe and effective compared to the laparoscopic approach. The robotic approach significantly reduces intraoperative bleeding, decreases the days of hospital stay (with no significant difference), and significantly reduces the decrease in BMI, without increasing 30-day hospital readmissions or complications.

Cirugía bariátrica: resultados clínicos en términos de pérdida de peso y resolución de comorbilidades / Bariatric surgery: Clinical outcomes in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities

Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica es una estrategia válida de tratamiento en obesidad severa. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la reducción de peso y la resolución de comorbilidades comparando dos técnicas quirúrgicas, baipás gástrico en Y de Roux y manga gástrica. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de tipo analítico que incluyó pacientes con obesidad grados II y III. Se analizaron variables demográficas y perioperatorias, y las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad. La reducción del peso se evaluó con el porcentaje de pérdida del exceso de peso. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado, usando medianas, rangos intercuartílicos, frecuencias y proporciones. Se usaron las pruebas de U de Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado para el análisis de grupos. Un valor de p<0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. Fueron incluidos 201 pacientes. La mediana del porcentaje de pérdida del exceso de peso a 18 meses fue de 77,4 % para el grupo de baipás gástrico en Y de Roux vs 69,5 % para el grupo de manga gástrica (p=0,14). La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron resolución o mejoría de la hipertensión arterial (76 %), diabetes mellitus (80 %), dislipidemia (73 %), apnea del sueño (79 %) y artropatías (94 %), sin diferencia significativa según la técnica quirúrgica empleada. La tasa de complicaciones mayores fue del 1,9 %. No se presentó mortalidad. La mediana de seguimiento fue 28 meses. Conclusión. El baipás gástrico en Y de Roux y la manga gástrica son procedimientos muy seguros y efectivos para la reducción del exceso de peso y la resolución de las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad

Introduction. Bariatric surgery is a valid strategy of treatment for severe obesity. The aim of this study is to evaluate weight loss and resolution of comorbidities comparing two procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Methods. Descriptive study of analytical type that included patients with obesity grades II and III. Demographic and perioperative variables were analyzed. The weight reduction was evaluated among others with the percentage of excess of body weight loss. Comorbidities associated with obesity were also analyzed. A univariate descriptive analysis was performed, using medians, interquartile ranges, frequencies, and proportions. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi squared tests were used for analysis of groups. A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Median follow-up was 28 months. Results. A total of 201 patients were included in the analysis. The median percentage of excess of body weight loss at 18 months was 77.4% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group vs 69.5% for sleeve gastrectomy group (p=0.14). The majority of patients presented resolution or improvement of hypertension (76%), diabetes mellitus (80%), dyslipidemia (73%), sleep apnea (79%), and arthropathy (94%), without significant differences according to the surgical technique used. Major complication rate was 1.9%. There was not mortality. The median follow-up was 28 months. Conclusion. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy are both very safe and effective procedures for excess weight reduction and resolution of comorbidities associated with obesity

Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica asistida por laparoscopia para el tratamiento de coledocolitiasis en pacientes con Y de Roux / Laparoscopic-assisted endoscopic cholangiopancreatography for the treatment of choledocholithiasis in patients with Roux-en-Y

Introducción. Los pacientes con antecedente de baipás gástrico que presentan coledocolitiasis no pueden ser tratados con la técnica convencional de colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. En estos casos, la vía transgástrica abierta o asistida por laparoscopia, se convierte en una excelente alternativa a la exploración abierta de la vía biliar. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes adultos con coledocolitiasis y antecedente de gastrectomía subtotal o baipás gástrico con Y de Roux, llevados a colangiopancreatografía endoscópica transgástrica laparo-asistida, entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2021, en la Clínica CES de Medellín, Colombia. Resultados. Se encontraron siete pacientes, todos con antecedente de baipás gástrico para el manejo de la obesidad. La tasa de identificación y canulación de la vía biliar y extracción de cálculos fue del 100 % mediante el abordaje transgástrico laparo-asistido. Conclusión. De acuerdo con varias revisiones sistemáticas, esta técnica es relativamente fácil de implementar y segura, presentando una tasa de complicaciones inferior a 5 %. Se propone una variante de esta técnica

Introduction. Patients with a history of gastric bypass who present with choledocholithiasis cannot be treated with the conventional technique of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. In these cases, the open or laparoscopic-assisted transgastric approach becomes an excellent alternative to open bile duct gastric exploration. Methods. A retrospective review of patients with choledocholithiasis and a history of subtotal gastrectomy or gastric bypass with Roux-en-Y, who underwent laparo-assisted transgastric endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, was conducted between January 2019 and December 2021 at Clínica CES de Medellín, Colombia. Results. Seven patients were found, all with a history of gastric bypass secondary to obesity. The rate of bile duct identification and cannulation, and stone removal was 100% using the laparo-assisted transgastric approach. Conclusion. According to several systematic reviews, this technique is relatively easy to implement and safe, presenting a rate of complications less than 5%. A variant to this technique is proposed

Roux-en-y gastric bypass reduces body parameters but does not alter diet quality during six months follow-up

Backgroung: the diet quality contributes for the success of weight loss treatment after bariatric surgery. Objective: to evaluate weight loss, body parameters and diet quality during the short-term (6 months) follow-up of subjects undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Methods: prospective and observational study, carried out with adult patients, of both sexes, submitted to RYGB. Weight, BMI, percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and diet quality were evaluated before (T0), and approximately in the second (T1) and sixth month (T2) after RYGB. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman's test, with 5% significance level. Results: the final sample consisted of 18 patients, (89% female). %TWL was 16.2% at T1 and 26.7% at T2. There was a significant reduction in weight, BMI, WC, FM, FFM (p<0.001), in total daily calorie intake (p=0.017), and in total fat consumption (p=0.009) over the course of the evaluated moments. The diet was classified as low quality, mainly due to the low intake of cereals, roots, tubers, fruits, vegetables, legumes, meat, eggs, milk and derivatives, not differing between the evaluated moments (p>0.05). Conclusion: in the present study, despite adequate weight loss and reduction of body parameters, subjects submitted to RYGB showed a low diet quality during the follow-up, indicating the maintenance of inadequate eating habits

Introdução: a qualidade da dieta contribui para o sucesso do tratamento da perda de peso após a cirurgia bariátrica. Objetivo: avaliar a perda de peso, parâmetros corporais e a qualidade da dieta durante seis meses acompanhamento de participantes submetidos ao Bypass Gástrico (BG). Método: estudo observacional e prospectivo, realizado com pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, submetidos ao BG. Peso, IMC, percentual de perda de peso (%PP), circunferência da cintura, massa gorda, massa magra e a qualidade da dieta foram avaliados antes (T0) e aproximadamente no segundo (T1) e sexto (T2) meses após a cirurgia. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo Indice da Qualidade da dieta. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA de medidas repetidas ou teste de Friedman, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: a amostra final foi composta por 18 pacientes (89% mulheres). O %PP foi de 16,2% em T1 e 26,7% em T2. Peso, IMC, circunferência da cintura, massa gorda, massa magra (p<0,001), ingestão calórica diária (p=0,017) e de gordura (p=0,009) reduziram ao longo dos períodos. A dieta foi classificada como de baixa qualidade, principalmente pelo baixo consumo de alimentos dos grupos de cereais, raízes, tubérculos, frutas, vegetais, legumes, carnes, ovos, leite e derivados, não diferindo ao longo dos momentos avaliados (P>0,05). Conclusão: no presente estudo, apesar da adequada perda de peso e redução dos parâmetros corporais, participantes mostraram uma baixa qualidade da dieta durante o acompanhamento, indicando a manutenção de hábitos alimentares inadequados

Perda de peso e qualidade de vida após o Bypass Gástrico de Anastomose Única: resultados de um seguimento de 2 anos / Weight loss and quality of life after one anastomosis gastric bypass: a 2-year follow-up study

ABSTRACT Background: Studies assessing quality of life (QoL) after one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) are currently scarce. Objective: To analyze the main weight loss outcomes and QoL in individuals undergoing OAGB during a 2-year follow-up. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on a prospectively collected database including individuals which underwent OAGB at a tertiary-level university hospital. After 2-years, excess weight loss was assessed, and post-surgical therapeutical success was determined using Reinhold's criteria. QoL was assessed through the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcomes System (BAROS). Results: Out of 41 participants, 90.2% were female and the average age was 38±8.3 years old. The average body mass index significantly decreased from 37.1±5.6 kg/m2 to 27±4.5 kg/m2 after 2-years (P< 0.001). The mean percentage of excess weight loss was 84.6±32.5%. Regarding weight loss outcomes, 61% were considered "excellent", while 26.8% were "good" according to Reinhold's criteria. With regards to QoL assessed by BAROS, most individuals achieved a score classified as either "excellent" (26.8%), "very good" (36.6%), or "good" (31.7%). The highest degrees of satisfaction achieved were in the domains "self-esteem" and "work capacity", in which 75.6% and 61%, respectively, were classified as "much better". Conclusion: OAGB associated with significant weight loss and resolution of obesity-related medical conditions, as well as relevant QoL improvement assessed by the BAROS system.

RESUMO Contexto: Existem poucos estudos que analisaram a qualidade de vida (QV) após o bypass gástrico de anastomose única (BGAU). Objetivo: Analisar os principais resultados de perda de peso e QV em indivíduos submetidos ao BGAU ao longo de 2 anos de seguimento. Métodos: Este é um estudo retrospectivo baseado em um banco de dados coletado prospectivamente que incluiu indivíduos submetidos ao BGAU em um hospital universitário de nível terciário. Após 2 anos, foi analisado o percentual de perda do excesso de peso (%PEP) e o sucesso terapêutico pós-cirúrgico foi classificado através critérios de Reinhold. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada por meio do Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcomes System (BAROS). Resultados: Dos 41 participantes, 90,2% eram do sexo feminino e a idade média foi de 38±8,3 anos. O índice de massa corporal médio diminuiu significativamente de 37,1±5,6 kg/m2 para 27±4,5 kg/m2 após 2 anos (P<0,001). O %PEP médio foi de 84,6±32,5%. Quanto à avaliação dos resultados de perda de peso, 61% foram considerados "excelentes", enquanto 26,8% foram "bons" segundo os critérios de Reinhold. Com relação à QV avaliada pelo BAROS, a maioria dos indivíduos obteve escores classificados como "excelente" (26,8%), "muito bom" (36,6%) ou "bom" (31,7%). Os maiores graus de satisfação alcançados foram nos domínios "autoestima" e "capacidade para o trabalho", nos quais 75,6% e 61%, respectivamente, foram classificados como "muito melhor". Conclusão: O BGAU associou-se à significativa perda de peso e resolução de comorbidades, bem como melhora relevante da qualidade de vida avaliada pelo sistema BAROS.

Hypoglycemia post bariatric surgery: drugs with different mechanisms of action to treat a unique disorder

ABSTRACT Postprandial hypoglycemia (PPH) is a complex and multifactorial complication of bariatric surgery (BS). PPH may cause severe symptoms or be asymptomatic. The treatment of this condition requires dietary changes, but severe cases require drug therapy. The number of therapeutic options is limited and are often associated with adverse side effects. Different classes of drugs have been used and tested, but the resolution of PPH remains a challenge for physicians and patients. In this review, we gathered articles on PPH after BS from PubMed searches (2001 to 2022) and focused on the main drugs tested for the treatment of this condition, such as acarbose, somatostatin analogues, type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and liraglutide. Avexitide and glucagon pump are two new therapeutic options that have been recently tested. For the search, the terms "postbariatric hypoglycemia," "bariatric surgery," and "late dumping syndrome" were used. PPH after BS is a frequent condition that should always be evaluated after BS. Treatment should be individualized and the available therapeutic options may be useful based on the condition's pathophysiology.

A infecção por Helicobacter pylori e o resultado de seu tratamento de erradicação influenciam a perda de peso e achados endoscópicos após o bypass gástrico em Y de Roux? Um estudo de coorte histórica / Do helicobacter pylori infection and eradication therapy status influence weight loss outcomes and endoscopic findings after roux-en-y gastric bypass?a historical cohort study

ABSTRACT Background: Currently, there is conflicting evidence linking Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection with weight loss and endoscopic findings after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Objective: To identify correlations between HP infection and its eradication with weight loss and endoscopic findings after RYGB. Methods: This is an observational retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database of individuals who underwent RYGB from 2018-2019 at a tertiary university hospital. HP infection and the HP eradication therapy outcomes were correlated with post-operative weight loss and endoscopic findings. Individuals were classified according to the status of HP infection into four groups: no infection; successful eradication; refractory infection; and new-onset infection. Results: Of 65 individuals, 87% were female and the mean age was 39±11.2 years. Body mass index significantly decreased from 36.2±3.6 to 26.7±3.3 kg/m2 one year after RYGB (P<0.0001). The percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was 25.9±7.2% and the percentage of excess weight loss was 89.4±31.7%. HP infection prevalence decreased from 55.4% to 27.7% (p=0.001); 33.8% never had HP infection, 38.5% were successfully treated, 16.9% had refractory infection and 10.8 % had new-onset HP infection. %TWL was 27.3±7.5% in individuals who never had HP, 25.4±8.1% in the successfully treated, 25.7±5.2% in those with refractory infection, and 23.4±6.4% in the new-onset HP infection group; there were no significant differences among the four groups (P=0.6). Pre-operative HP infection significantly associated with gastritis (P=0.048). New-onset HP infections significantly associated with a lower frequency of jejunal erosions after surgery (P=0.048). Conclusion: No effects of the HP infection on weight loss were identified in individuals undergoing RYGB. A higher prevalence of gastritis was observed in individuals with HP infection before RYGB. New-onset HP infection after RYGB was a protective factor for jejunal erosions.

RESUMO Contexto: Há evidências conflitantes na literatura atual ligando a infecção por Helicobacter pylori (HP) com a perda de peso e achados endoscópicos após o bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (BGYR). Objetivo: Identificar correlações entre infecção por Helicobacter pylori HP e seu tratamento de erradicação com perda de peso e achados endoscópicos após BGYR. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional de coorte histórica, baseado em um banco de dados coletados prospectivamente de indivíduos submetidos ao BGYR de 2018 a 2019 em um hospital terciário universitário. A infecção pelo HP e os resultados da terapia de erradicação do HP foram correlacionados com a perda de peso pós-operatória e os achados endoscópicos. Os indivíduos foram classificados de acordo com o status de infecção pelo HP em quatro grupos: ausência de infecção; erradicação bem-sucedida; infecção refratária; e infecção nova. Resultados: Dos 65 indivíduos, 87% eram do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 39±11,2 anos. O índice de massa corporal diminuiu significativamente de 36,2±3,6 para 26,7±3,3 kg/m2 um ano após BGYR (P<0,0001). O percentual de perda de peso foi 25,9±7,2% e o percentual de perda do excesso de peso foi 89,4±31,7%. A prevalência de infecção por HP diminuiu de 55,4% para 27,7% após a cirurgia (P=0,001); 33,8% nunca tiveram infecção por HP, 38,5% tiveram um tratamento bem-sucedido, 16,9% tiveram infecção refratária e 10,8% tiveram nova infecção por HP. Infecção pré-operatória por HP associou-se significativamente à presença de gastrite (P=0,048). Infecções por HP de início recente associaram-se significativamente com menor frequência de erosões jejunais após a cirurgia (P=0,048). Conclusão: Não foram identificados efeitos da infecção por HP na perda de peso em indivíduos submetidos ao BGYR. Maior prevalência de gastrite foi observada em indivíduos com infecção por HP antes da cirurgia. A infecção por HP de início recente após BGYR foi um fator protetor para erosões jejunais.

Improvement and development direction of bariatric metabolic surgery / 中华消化外科杂志

In more than half a century of the development of bariatric metabolic surgery, a variety of classic surgical methods have been formulated. However, the improvement and innovation of bariatric metabolic surgery has never stopped. The replacement of new and old surgical methods in clinical application and development reflects the vitality and progress in the field of bariatric metabolic surgery, and also promotes the development of bariatric metabolic surgery to the best balance between benefits and risks. In the early stages, studies in metabolic surgery are more inclined to confirm the efficacy, safety and mechanism of classical procedures. In recent years, metabolic surgeons around the world have become more inclined to focus on the exploration and innovation of new procedures. In addition, the improvement of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch and the sleeve gastrectomy plus procedures have gradually become hot spots for surgical innovation. However, the new techniques are diverse, scattered and partially overlapping. The authors make a comment on this content, in order to provide assistance to clinical and scientific research.

Bypass gástrico em Y de Roux robótico versus laparoscópico: estudo retrospectivo em único centro / Robotic versus laparoscopic roux-en-y-gastric bypass: a retrospective study in a single center

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the best treatment option for patients with obesity. As a result of the advancement of technology, the robotic gastric bypass presents promising results, despite its still high costs. AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare patients submitted to a robotic versus a laparoscopic gastric bypass at a single center by a single surgeon. METHODS: This retrospective study collected data from the medical records of 221 patients (121 laparoscopic procedures versus 100 with daVinci platform). The variables analyzed were sex, age, body mass index, comorbidities, surgical time, length of stay, and complications. RESULTS: The mean surgical time for patients in the robotic group was shorter (102.41±39.44 min versus 113.86±39.03 min, p=0.018). The length of hospital stay in robotic patients was shorter (34.12±20.59 h versus 34.93±11.74 h, p=0.007). There were no serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: The group submitted to the robotic method had a shorter surgical time and a shorter hospital stay. No difference was found regarding strictures, bleeding, or leakage.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A cirurgia bariátrica é a melhor opção de tratamento para pacientes portadores de obesidade. Em decorrência do avanço da tecnologia, o bypass gástrico robótico apresenta resultados promissores, apesar de seus custos ainda elevados. OBJETIVOS: Comparar pacientes submetidos a bypass gástrico robótico versus laparoscópico em um único centro por um único cirurgião. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com coleta de dados dos prontuários de 221 pacientes (121 procedimentos laparoscópicos vs 100 com plataforma daVinci). As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade, IMC, comorbidades, tempo cirúrgico, tempo de internação e complicações. RESULTADOS: O tempo cirúrgico médio dos pacientes do grupo robótico foi menor (102,41 ± 39,44 min. vs 113,86±39,03 min, p=0,018). O tempo de internação em pacientes robóticos foi menor (34,12±20,59 h vs 34,93±11,74 h, p=0,007). Não houve complicações graves. CONCLUSÕES: O grupo submetido ao método robótico apresentou menor tempo cirúrgico e menor tempo de internação. Nenhuma diferença foi encontrada na amostra em relação a estenoses, sangramento ou vazamento.

Brazilian multi-society position statement on emerging bariatric and metabolic surgical procedures / Posição das sociedades brasileiras sobre procedimentos cirúrgicos bariátricos e metabólicos emergentes

ABSTRACT This Brazilian multi-society position statement on emerging bariatric and metabolic surgical procedures was issued by the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (SBCBM), the Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery (CBCD), and the Brazilian College of Surgeons (CBC). This document is the result of a Brazilian Emerging Surgeries Forum aimed at evaluating the results of surgeries that are not yet listed in the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), the regulatory agency that oversees and regulates medical practice in Brazil. The Forum integrated more than 400 specialists and academics with extensive knowledge about bariatric and metabolic surgery, representing the three surgical societies: SBCBM, CBC, and CBCD. International speakers participated online and presented their experiences with the techniques under discussion, emphasizing the regulatory policies in their countries. The indications for surgery and the subsequent procedures were carefully reviewed, including one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), single anastomosis duodeno-ileal with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S or OADS), sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (SGTB), and sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition (SGII). The recommendations of this document are based on an extensive literature review and discussions among bariatric surgery specialists from the three surgical societies. We concluded that patients with a body mass index over 30 kg/m2 may be candidates for metabolic surgery in the presence of comorbidities (arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes) with no response to clinical treatment of obesity or in the control of other associated diseases. Regarding the surgical procedures, we concluded that OAGB, OADS, and SGTB are associated with low morbidity rates, satisfactory weight loss, and resolution of obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes and arterial hypertension. SGII was considered a good and viable promising surgical alternative technique. The recommendations of this statement aim to synchronize our societies with the sentiments and understandings of most of our members and also serve as a guide for future decisions regarding bariatric surgical procedures in our country and worldwide.

RESUMO Esta declaração multissocietária de posicionamento sobre novos procedimentos cirúrgicos bariátricos e metabólicos emergentes foi emitida pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica (SBCBM), pelo Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva (CBCD) e pelo Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões (CBC). Este documento é resultado do Fórum Brasileiro de Cirurgias Emergentes, realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os resultados de cirurgias ainda não listadas no Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgão regulador que fiscaliza e regulamenta a prática médica no Brasil. O Fórum integrou mais de 400 especialistas e acadêmicos com amplo conhecimento sobre cirurgia bariátrica e metabólica, representando as três sociedades cirúrgicas: SBCBM, CBC e CBCD. Palestrantes internacionais participaram online e apresentaram suas experiências com as técnicas em discussão, enfatizando as políticas regulatórias de seus países. As indicações para cirurgia e os procedimentos subsequentes foram cuidadosamente revisados, incluindo bypass gástrico de uma anastomose (OAGB), anastomose duodeno-Ileal única com gastrectomia vertical (OADS ou SADI-S), gastrectomia vertical com bipartição de trânsito (SGTB) e gastrectomia vertical com interposição ileal (SGII). As recomendações deste documento são baseadas em extensa revisão da literatura e discussões entre especialistas em cirurgia bariátrica das três sociedades cirúrgicas. Concluímos que pacientes com índice de massa corpórea (IMC) acima de 30 kg/m2 podem ser candidatos à cirurgia metabólica na presença de comorbidades (hipertensão arterial e diabetes tipo 2), sem resposta ao tratamento clínico da obesidade ou no controle de outras doenças associadas. Em relação aos procedimentos cirúrgicos, concluímos que OAGB, OADS e SGTB estão associados a baixas taxas de morbidade e com perda de peso satisfatória e resolução de comorbidades relacionadas à obesidade, como diabetes e hipertensão arterial. A SGII foi considerada uma boa e viável técnica cirúrgica, sendo considerada uma alternativa promissora. As recomendações desta declaração visam sincronizar nossas sociedades com os sentimentos e entendimentos da maioria de nossos membros e também servir como um guia para futuras decisões sobre procedimentos cirúrgicos bariátricos em nosso país e no mundo.

Palliative gastrectomy versus gastric bypass for symptomatic clinical stage iv gastric cancer: a propensity score matching analysis / Gastrectomia paliativa versus derivação gástrica no câncer gástrico sintomático estadio clínico iv: uma análise empregando escore de propensão

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with clinical stage IV gastric cancer may require palliative procedures to manage complications such as obstruction. However, there is no consensus on whether performing palliative gastrectomy compared to gastric bypass brings benefits in terms of survival. AIMS: To compare the overall survival of patients with distal obstructive gastric cancer undergoing palliative surgical treatment, using propensity score matching analysis. METHODS: Patients who underwent palliative bypass surgery (gastrojejunostomy or partitioning) and resection between the years 2009 and 2023 were retrospectively selected. Initial and postoperative clinicopathological variables were collected. RESULTS: 150 patients were initially included. The derived group (n=91) presented more locally invasive disease (p<0.01), greater degree of obstruction (p<0.01), and worse clinical status (p<0.01), while the resected ones (n= 59) presented more distant metastasis (p<0.01). After matching, 35 patients remained in each group. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications, but the derived group had higher 90-day mortality (p<0.01). Overall survival was 16.9 and 4.5 months for the resected and derived groups, respectively (p<0.01). After multivariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia (hazard ratio — HR=2.02, 95% confidence interval — 95%CI 1.17-3.48; p=0.01), absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR=5.97; 95%CI 3.03-11.7; p<0.01), and gastric bypass (HR=3,28; 95%CI 1.8-5.95; p<0.01) were associated with worse survival. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative gastrectomy was associated with greater survival and lower postoperative morbidity compared to gastric bypass. This may be due to better local control of the disease, with lower risks of complications and better effectiveness of chemotherapy.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Pacientes com câncer gástrico estádio clínico IV podem necessitar de procedimentos paliativos para o manejo de complicações como a obstrução. Contudo, não há consenso se a realização de gastrectomia paliativa em comparação à derivação gástrica traz benefícios em termos de sobrevida. OBJETIVOS: Comparar a sobrevida global de pacientes com câncer gástrico obstrutivo distal submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico paliativo, empregando a análise com pareamento por escore de propensão. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados retrospectivamente pacientes submetidos à cirurgia paliativa de derivação (gastrojejunostomia ou partição) e ressecção entre os anos de 2009 e 2023. Variáveis clínico-patológicas iniciais e pós-operatórias foram coletadas. RESULTADOS: Foram inicialmente incluídos 150 pacientes. O grupo derivado (n=91) apresentou mais doença localmente invasiva (p<0,01), maior garu de obstrução (p<0,01) e pior status clínico (p<0,01), enquanto os gastrectomizados (n=59) mais metástase à distância (p<0,01). Após o pareamento, restaram 35 pacientes em cada grupo. Não houve diferença na incidência de complicações pós-operatórias, mas o grupo derivado apresentou maior mortalidade em 90 dias (p<0,01). A sobrevida global foi de 16,9 e 4,5 meses para o grupo ressecado e derivado, respectivamente (p<0,01). Após análise multivariada, hipoalbuminemia (HR=2,02; IC95% 1,17-3,48; p=0,01), ausência de quimioterapia adjuvante (HR=5,97; IC95% 3,03-11,7; p<0,01) e bypass gástrico (HR =3,28; IC95% 1,8-5,95; p<0,01) foram associados a pior sobrevida. CONCLUSÕES: A gastrectomia paliativa esteve associada a maior sobrevida e menor morbidade pós-operatória quando comparada à derivação gástrica. Isto pode se dever a um melhor controle local da doença, com menores riscos de complicações e melhor efetividade da quimioterapia.

Internal post-bariatric hernia due to hepatic adhesion: a case report

ABSTRACT Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, a procedure proven effective for treating morbid obesity and metabolic disorders, carries the risk of complications such as the formation of internal hernias. These hernias are often difficult to diagnose and can be potentially fatal because they can cause structural obstruction. Most internal hernias occur in the jejunojejunostomy mesentery space, followed by Petersen's space hernias, although herniation at other locations can also occur. Our case report presents an example of a rare internal hernia after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. A 36-year-old woman presented with an uncommon internal hernia located between the liver and alimentary loop, resulting in the formation of a new space and consequently incarcerating the entire biliopancreatic loop. This type of internal hernia is rare and has not been reported in the literature, indicating that this is the first report of such a case. In this case, we realized that the diagnosis was challenging and imaging examinations could not help determine the etiology of the pain and obstruction. Therefore, videolaparoscopy revealed an uncommon hernia formed by firm adhesion between the hepatic segment III and the alimentary loop mesentery. Our case is an example of an internal hernia that was not detected with a normal computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Only diagnostic laparoscopy revealed herniation, effectively preventing further complications for the patient.

Intraoperative, sociodemographic, and postoperative parameters in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to comparatively analyze sociodemographic data and postoperative parameters of patients undergoing bypass and sleeve surgeries in a private hospital in São Luís, MA. METHODS: The study was descriptive, prospective, observational, and comparative, with a quantitative approach between August 2020 and July 2021. We analyzed 74 participants of both genders, aged between 18 and 70 years, with 31 undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and 43 undergoing sleeve gastrectomy surgery. In the postoperative period, sociodemographic characteristics, surgery and anesthesia duration, pain levels, adverse effects, weight loss, and complications from the surgical procedure were analyzed. RESULTS: Males predominated in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and females in sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Clinical characteristics regarding self-declared ethnicity, age and place of birth, education, and marital status were similar between the studied groups. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had an average surgery time of 112.14±10.06 min and sleeve gastrectomy 91.11±23.69 min, with a significant difference (p<0.001). Regarding anesthesia time, gastric bypass averaged 160.36±13.99 min and sleeve gastrectomy 154.88±29.10 min, with no statistical difference between groups (p=0.335). Nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness were more common in Sleeve gastrectomy, with no significant difference (p=0.562). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass showed a higher rate of weight loss from 1 month after surgery (14.2±4.15) and more variation in body mass index within 3 months after surgery (32.17±4.76). Complications occurred in a small number of patients. CONCLUSION: The two surgical techniques proved effective in delivering the best results for patients, with the group undergoing bypass showing statistically significant weight loss from 1 month after the surgical procedure.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass for weight loss in obese patients: which is more effective? a systematic review and meta-analysis / Gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica versus by-pass gástrico na perda de peso em pacientes obesos: qual é mais efetiva? uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the most effective option to reduce weight in morbid obesity patients. The techniques most employed are the restrictive surgery laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), surgical procedures of intestinal malabsorption, and both types (restrictive and intestinal malabsorption) such as the Roux-en-Y laparoscopic gastric bypass (RYLGB). AIMS: To determine if LSG is more effective than RYLGB for weight loss. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out, including five clinical trials and sixteen cohorts comparing LSG versus RYLGB in weight loss and secondary outcomes: resolution of comorbidities, postoperative complications, operative time, hospital stay, and improvement in quality of life. RESULTS: Excess weight loss was 10.2% (mean difference [MD] 10.2; 95%CI -10.14; -9.90) higher in patients undergoing LSG than in patients submitted to RYLGB. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was resolved in 17% (relative risk [RR] 0.83; 95%CI 0.77-0.90) of cases, more significantly after LSG, arterial hypertension in 23% (RR 0.77; 95%CI 0.69-0.84), and dyslipidemia in 17% (RR 0.83; 95%CI 0.77-0.90). Postoperative complications were 73% higher in patients undergoing RYLGB (MD 0.73; 95%CI 0.63-0.83). The operative time was 35.76 minutes shorter in the LSG (MD -35.76; 95%CI -37.28; -34.24). Finally, the quality of life improved more in patients operated by LSG (MD 0.37; 95%CI -0.48; -0.26). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that LSG could be more effective than RYLGB in reducing the percentage of excess weight, comorbidities, postoperative complications, operative time, hospital stay, and in improving quality of life.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A cirurgia bariátrica é a opção mais eficaz para reduzir o peso em pacientes com obesidade mórbida. Três técnicas são mais empregadas: gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica (LSG), procedimentos cirúrgicos de má absorção intestinal e ambos os tipos, má absorção intestinal e restritiva, e bypass laparoscópico em Y-Roux (RYLGB). OBJETIVOS: Determinar a eficácia da LSG versus RYLGB na perda de peso. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise foi realizada incluindo cinco ensaios clínicos e dezesseis coortes comparando LSG versus RYLGB na perda de peso e resultados secundários, resolução de comorbidades, complicações pós-operatórias, tempo operatório, permanência hospitalar e melhora da qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: A perda de excesso de peso foi 10,2% (diferença média (MD) 10,2; IC95% -10,14; -9,90) maior em pacientes submetidos a LSG do que em pacientes operados com RYLGB. Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 foi resolvido em 17% (risco relativo (RR) 0,83; IC95% 0,77-0,90), hipertensão arterial em 23% (RR 0,77; IC95% 0,69-0,84), dislipidemia em 17% (RR 0,83; IC95% 0,77-0,90), mais significativos após LSG. As complicações pós-operatórias foram 73% maiores em pacientes submetidos a RYLGB (MD 0,73; IC95% 0,63-0,83). O tempo operatório foi 35,76 minutos menor na LSG (MD -35,76; IC95% -37,28; -34,24). Finalmente, a qualidade de vida melhorou mais no LSG (MD 0,37; IC95% -0,48; -0,26). CONCLUSÕES: LSG é muito eficaz na redução do excesso de peso, comorbidades, complicações pós-operatórias, tempo e melhora na qualidade de vida.

Hérnias internas após bypass gástrico laparoscópico em Y-de-Roux: espaços intermesentéricos, sintomas e diagnóstico / Internal hernias after laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass: intermesenteric spaces, symptoms and diagnosis

Introdução: Com o aumento da prevalência mundial de obesidade, operações para redução de peso vêm sendo cada vez mais frequentes, sendo o bypass gástrico laparoscópico a principal delas. Entretanto, existem complicações associadas, dentre elas, a formação de hérnias internas. Objetivos: Revisar o bypass gástrico e o desenvolvimento de hérnias internas, e discorrer sobre a importância do uso de tomografia no diagnóstico dessa complicação. Métodos: Revisão integrativa, envolvendo 646 artigos pesquisados nas bases de dados BVS e PubMed; deles, apenas 10 respeitaram os critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Atualmente o bypass gástrico é um dos principais métodos cirúrgicos utilizados em procedimentos que visam a redução de peso em obesos. Entretanto, a formação de hérnias internas em espaços mesentéricos criados durante o procedimento é uma possibilidade e resulta em sintomas inespecíficos, podendo levar a consequências graves. Nesse contexto, a tomografia computadorizada é instrumento diagnóstico muito útil. Conclusão: Em pronto-socorro, tomografia abdominal deve ser realizada em pacientes com queixa de dor abdominal inespecífica e com histórico de bypass gástrico, pois é útil no diagnóstico precoce das hérnias internas, diminuindo sua morbimortalidade.

Introduction: With the increase in the worldwide prevalence of obesity, operations to reduce weight are becoming more frequent, with laparoscopic gastric bypass being the main one. However, there are associated complications, among them, the formation of internal hernias. Objectives: To review gastric bypass and the development of internal hernias and discuss the importance of using tomography in the diagnosis of this complication. Methods: Integrative review, involving 646 articles searched in the BVS and PubMed databases; of them, only 10 met the inclusion criteria. Results: Currently, gastric bypass is one of the main surgical methods used in procedures aimed at reducing weight in obese people. However, the formation of internal hernias in mesenteric spaces created during the procedure is a possibility and results in nonspecific symptoms, which can lead to serious consequences. In this context, computed tomography is a very useful diagnostic tool. Conclusion: In an emergency room, abdominal tomography should be performed in patients complaining of nonspecific abdominal pain and with a history of gastric bypass, as it is useful in the early diagnosis of internal hernias, reducing their morbidity and mortality.

The 499th case: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, limb weakness, and ostealgia / 中华内科杂志

A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital with a history of fractures for 2 years, limb weakness for 1 year, and ostealgia for 2 months. The patient's examination identified iron deficiency anemia, significantly decreased serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels, and increased alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels. Imaging showed several typical signs of osteomalacia. Considering the history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, the diagnosis was considered to be osteomalacia caused by a postoperative nutritional absorption disorder. The patient was supplemented with calcitriol, calcium, and vitamin D and gradually returned to normal physical activity. The bone metabolism indicators and bone density were significantly improved.

Factores de riesgo asociados a la pérdida insuficiente o ganancia significativa de peso en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica / Risk factors associated with insufficient weight loss or significant weight gain in patients undergone bariatric surgery

Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica es efectiva para inducir una rápida pérdida del exceso de peso, pero existen dudas sobre la duración de este efecto a largo plazo. Este estudio buscaba identificar la proporción de pacientes operados que presentaron una pérdida insuficiente o una ganancia significativa de peso y los posibles factores relacionados. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Se describieron variables demográficas y clínicas. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para identificar factores relacionados con un peso fuera de metas posterior a la cirugía. Resultados. Se incluyeron 187 pacientes, 117 con baipás gástrico y 70 con manga gástrica. La mediana de índice de masa corporal preoperatorio fue 41,3 kg/m2 y postoperatorio de 28,8 kg/m2. El 94,7 % de los pacientes en ambos grupos logró una adecuada pérdida del exceso de peso. La ganancia de peso mayor del 20 % se presentó en el 43,5 % de los pacientes, siendo mayor en el grupo de manga gástrica (p<0,004). Los factores independientes para ganancia de peso fueron el sexo masculino (OR 5,5), cirugía tipo manga gástrica (OR 3,4), síndrome de apnea del sueño (OR 2,9) y enfermedad mental medicada (OR 2,8). Conclusión. La cirugía bariátrica produce una pérdida del exceso de peso suficiente en casi la totalidad de los pacientes, pero un buen número recuperan peso luego de 3 años. Los principales factores asociados a ganancia de peso son el sexo masculino y la cirugía tipo manga gástrica

Introduction. Bariatric surgery is highly effective in inducing rapid excess body weight loss but there are doubts about its effect on long-term. This study seeks to identify the number of patients that underwent bariatric surgery who present insufficient weight loss or significant weight gain and the possible related factors. Methods. Retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Demographic and clinical variables are described. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors related to patient weight outside the set goals postoperatively. Results. 187 patients were included (117 gastric bypass, 70 gastric sleeve). The median preoperative body mass index was 41m/kg2 and 28.8m/kg2 postoperatively. 94.7% of the patients in both groups achieved adequate excess body weight loss. Weight gain (>20%) occurred in 43.5% of the patients, with the probability being higher in the gastric sleeve group (p<0.004). Independent factors for weight gain were male gender (OR 5.5), gastric sleeve surgery (OR 3.4), sleep apnea syndrome (OR 2.9), and mental illness under treatment (OR 2.8). Conclusions. Bariatric surgery produces sufficient loss of excess weight in almost all patients, but a good number of them regain weight after 3 years. The main factors associated with weight gain are male gender and gastric sleeve surgery

Baipás gástrico versus manga gástrica para el controlde diabetes tipo 2 en pacientes obesos / Gastric bypass versus gastric sleeve for the management of type 2 diabetes in obese patients

Introducción. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la obesidad son enfermedades con alta prevalencia, gran morbi-mortalidad y elevados costos en salud. La cirugía bariátrica ha demostrado efectividad para inducir pérdida de peso y un control adecuado de la glicemia. Métodos. Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo, realizado entre 2014 y 2019 en una institución de alta complejidad. Se incluyeron pacientes prediabéticos y diabéticos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica tipo baipás gástrico en Y-de-Roux o manga gástrica. Se analizaron la mejoría o resolución de la diabetes y la pérdida del exceso de peso a los 6, 12, 24 y 36 meses luego de la cirugía. Resultados. Se incluyeron 103 pacientes en el estudio, 45 pacientes diabéticos y 58 pacientes prediabéticos. La única variable perioperatoria con diferencia estadísticamente significativa fue el tiempo quirúrgico mayor en el baipás (70 vs. 47,5 minutos; p<0,001). La pérdida de exceso de peso fue mayor en el baipás. Los pacientes diabéticos sometidos a baipás tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de resolución o control comparados con los sometidos a manga gástrica. En los pacientes prediabéticos hubo resolución en ambos grupos luego de 24 meses de seguimiento. Conclusión. El baipás gástrico y la manga gástrica presentan excelentes resultados en cuanto a pérdida de peso y control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y prediabetes, pero en nuestros pacientes se lograron resultados superiores en ambos aspectos con el baipás gástrico

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are diseases with high prevalence, high morbidity and mortality and high health costs. Bariatric surgery has proven effective in inducing weight loss and adequate glycemic control. Methods. Retrospective analytical observational study conducted between 2014 and 2019 in a high-complex institution. Prediabetic and diabetic patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or gastric sleeve were included; analyzing the improvement or resolution of diabetes and the loss of excess weight at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. Results. One-hundred and three patients were included in the study, 45 diabetic patients and 58 pre-diabetic patients. The only perioperative variable with a statistically significant difference was the longer surgical time in the bypass (70 vs. 47.5 min; p<0.001). Loss of excess weight was always greater in bypass. Diabetic patients who underwent bypass had a higher percentage of resolution or control compared to those who underwent the sleeve procedure. In pre-diabetic patients, there was 100% resolution in both groups after 24 months of follow-up. Conclusion. Gastric bypass and gastric sleeve present excellent results in terms of weight loss and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes, but superior results in both aspects were achieved with the first technique in our patients

Trajectory of NAFLD characteristics after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a five-year historical cohort study

Abstract BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of bariatric surgery on the course of non-alcoholic fatty hepatopathy (NAFLD) are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution of NAFLD characteristics through noninvasive markers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) over a five-year period. DESIGN AND SETTING: Historical cohort study; tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: The evolution of NAFLD-related characteristics was evaluated among 49 individuals who underwent RYGB, with a five-year follow-up. Steatosis was evaluated through the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), steatohepatitis through the clinical score for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (C-NASH) and fibrosis through the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). RESULTS: 91.8% of the individuals were female. The mean age was 38.3 ± 10 years and average body mass index (BMI), 37.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2. HSI significantly decreased from 47.15 ± 4.27 to 36.03 ± 3.72 at 12 months (P < 0.01), without other significant changes up to 60 months. C-NASH significantly decreased from 0.75 ± 1.25 to 0.29 ± 0.7 at 12 months (P < 0.01), without other significant changes up to 60 months. NFS decreased from 1.14 ± 1.23 to 0.27 ± 0.99 at 12 months (P < 0.01), and then followed a slightly ascending course, with a marked increase by 60 months (0.82 ± 0.89), but still lower than at baseline (P < 0.05). HSI variation strongly correlated with the five-year percentage total weight loss (R = 0.8; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: RYGB led to significant improvement of steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis after five years. Fibrosis was the most refractory abnormality, with a slightly ascending trend after two years. Steatosis improvement directly correlated with weight loss.

Resultados de la cirugía bariátrica en pacientes obesos internados en el Hospital Nacional de Itauguá / Results of bariaric surgery in obese patients admitted to Itauguá National Hospital

Introducción: La obesidad es la segunda causa de muerte susceptible de prevención. El tratamiento quirúrgico es el único tratamiento eficaz y demostrado para pacientes con obesidad grave (índice de masa corporal > 40 kg/m²). Las operaciones bariátricas prolongan la supervivencia y corrigen las enfermedades asociadas con la obesidad grave. Objetivos: Caracterizar los resultados de la cirugía bariátrica en pacientes obesos internados en el Hospital Nacional de Itauguá de marzo a diciembre del año 2019. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, retrospectivo con muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia. Se incluyeron pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores a 16 años con obesidad sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Resultados: Se incluyeron a 24 pacientes, cuyo promedio de peso fue de 117,5 kg y un promedio del IMC de 43,5. El 67% presentó obesidad grado III y el 70% un ASA III. La técnica quirúrgica empleada con mayor frecuencia fue gastrectomía vertical en manga laparoscópica. El promedio de pérdida de exceso de peso post quirúrgico a los 12 meses fue de 56,4 kg. La estancia hospitalaria post quirúrgico en promedio fue de 48 horas. En el 96% de los casos no se presentaron complicaciones. Conclusión: El resultado de nuestro estudio sugiere que la cirugía bariátrica ha demostrado ser una alternativa con excelentes resultados para el tratamiento de la obesidad, mejorando así no solo patologías clínicas crónicas sino también la calidad de vida del paciente.

Introduction: Obesity is the second cause of death susceptible to prevention. Surgical treatment is the only effective and proven treatment for severely obese patients (body mass index > 40 kg/m²). Bariatric operations prolong survival and correct diseases associated with severe obesity. Objectives: To determine the short-term and long-term results of bariatric surgery in obese patients admitted to the National Hospital of Itauguá from March to December 2019. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive cross-sectional, retrospective study with non-probabilistic sampling at convenience. We included patients of both sexes, over 16 years of age with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and were admitted to the General Surgery Service of the Hospital Nacional de Itauguá in 2019. Results: Twenty-four patients were followed up in the study, with an average weight of 117.5 kg and a mean BMI of 43.5. 67% presented with grade III obesity and 70% with ASA III. The most frequently used surgical technique was vertical gastrectomy in the laparoscopic sleeve. The average postoperative weight loss at 12 months was 56.4 kg. The average postoperative hospital stay was 48 hours. There were no complications in 96% of cases. Conclusion: The result of our study suggests that bariatric surgery has proven to be an alternative with excellent results for the treatment of morbid obesity, , thus improving not only chronic clinical pathologies but also the quality of life of the patient with increased life expectancy.